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Day 644 Thu 3/2/23 Summit on Ukraine IV: The Pathway to the War
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:HR!Day644 - <small>Summit on Ukraine IV: The Pathway to the War with Jodie Evans, Phyllis Bennis & Ray McGovern</small>}}

:::::--- Humanity Rising Day 644 - Thursday March 2, 2023 {{NBS}}{{NBS}}{{NBS}}{{NBS}}<sub>[[#Categories| (GoTo Bottom)]]</sub>

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{{Ukraine 2-23}}
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[[File:HR Presenters Day 644.png|thumb|361x361px]]
At the end of the Cold War in 1989 with the Fall of the Berlin Wall when Soviet President Gorbachev allowed the Eastern European nations to become free sovereign states, he proposed that the protagonists of the Cold War create a common security arrangement in which “the security of one is understood to be the security of all.” There was a tacit understanding between Gorbachev and President George Bush Sr. and Secretary of State James Baker that NATO would not push east and would honor the need for Russia to have a buffer on its western frontier.  But this understanding did not last. Neoconservatives and war hawks in the US became intoxicated by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and felt that this was the moment for the US to gain total world supremacy, not establish a wider peace, and expand NATO eastward with the strategic intent to subordinate and break Russia up into smaller states.
[[File:Phyllis Bennis HR Day 644.png|left|thumb|257x257px]]
The eastward expansion of NATO began under Clinton in 1999 when Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic joined. Putin repeatedly warned that continued encroachment on Russia’s frontier would produce a response. The West ignored this and NATO expanded eastward until Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia and the Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, which share borders with Russia, joined in 2004.

In 2008, NATO announced its intention to expand further still to Ukraine and Georgia. If you look at a map, you will see that Ukraine juts into the Russian heartland, which is a large reason why for several centuries before World War I, Ukraine was part of Russia and then after World War I Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union. Ukraine became an independend state only in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. Ukraine is where Russia decided to take its stand against US/NATO expansion.

This Summit is being co-sponsored with [[Code Pink|'''Code Pink''']], a feminist grassroots organization working to end U.S. warfare and imperialism, support peace and human rights initiatives, and redirect resources into healthcare, education, green jobs and other life-affirming programs. 

'''Moderators:''' 

* '''Jim Garrison''', Convener of Humanity Rising, with '''[[Jodie Evans]]''', Co-Founder of Code Pink
* 92 Participants

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'''Special Guest:'''

* '''[[Ray McGovern]]''' has had several decades of experience in Russian affairs — three decades as a CIA analyst. His duties included preparing The President’s Daily Brief, which he briefed one-on-one to President Ronald Reagan’s five most senior national security advisers from 1981 to 1985. He speaks fluent Russian. As Ray watched his former colleagues manufacturing “intelligence” for war on Iraq, he co-founded Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS) to expose that unconscionable deceit in the months before the war. Ray continues to provide the kind of “untreated” analysis — on Ukraine for example — for which President Truman originally created the CIA. 
* '''[[Phyllis Bennis]]''' directs the New Internationalism Project at IPS, focusing on Middle East, U.S. wars and UN issues. She is also a fellow of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam. In 2001 she helped found the U.S. Campaign for Palestinian Rights, and now serves on the national board of Jewish Voice for Peace. She works with many anti-war and Palestinian rights organizations, writing and speaking widely across the U.S. and around the world. She has served as an informal adviser to several top UN officials on Middle East issues and was twice short-listed to become the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Phyllis has written and edited eleven books. Among her latest is the just-published 7th updated edition of her popular Understanding the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. She has also written Before & After: US Foreign Policy and the War on Terror and Challenging Empire: How People, Governments and the UN Defy U.S. Power.

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